{"id":804,"date":"2018-01-12T00:05:52","date_gmt":"2018-01-11T16:05:52","guid":{"rendered":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/?p=804"},"modified":"2018-01-12T00:05:52","modified_gmt":"2018-01-11T16:05:52","slug":"%e5%8f%a0%e7%bd%ae%e5%88%86%e6%9e%90spatial-overlay-analysis%e7%9a%84%e5%ba%94%e7%94%a8","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/?p=804","title":{"rendered":"\u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790(spatial overlay analysis)\u7684\u5e94\u7528"},"content":{"rendered":"<p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662fGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684\u5c31\u662f\u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790(overlay analysis ,\u4e0b\u6587\u79f0overlay)\u3002\u4e43\u81f3\u4e8e\u5728\u300aGIS Primer\u300b\u4e2d\uff0coverlay\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3a\u4efb\u4f55GIS\u8f6f\u4ef6\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u5fc5\u5907\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u540c\u65f6\uff0c\u4efb\u4f55\u8f6f\u4ef6\u4e5f\u5c06\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u5b9a\u4e49\u4e3a\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\uff0c\u5176\u4e3b\u8981\u7684\u96be\u70b9\u5728\u4e8e\u6570\u636e\u91cf\u4ee5\u53ca\u6548\u7387\u3002\u8fd9\u4e00\u8282\u91cc\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u629b\u5f00\u5177\u4f53\u7684\u5b9e\u73b0\u4e0d\u8c08\uff0c\u5148\u8bf7\u4f60\u4e86\u89e3\u4e00\u4e0boverlay\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u5e94\u7528\u3002<!--more--><\/p>\n<p><strong>1.GIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6570\u636e\u6a21\u578b<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u9996\u5148\u6211\u4eec\u8981\u4e86\u89e3GIS\u4e2d\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u6a21\u578b\u6784\u5efa\u3002\u7b80\u5355\u7684\u8bb2\uff0cGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5730\u7406\u5bf9\u8c61\u88ab\u6309\u7167\u4e13\u9898\u7c7b\u522b\u5206\u522b\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u201c\u5c42(layer)\u201d\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u56fd\u5bb6\u57fa\u672c\u6bd4\u4f8b\u5c3a\u5730\u5f62\u56fe\u4e0a\u5c31\u5c06\u5730\u7269\u8981\u7d20\u5212\u5206\u4e3a\u63a7\u5236\u70b9\u3001\u5c45\u6c11\u5730\u3001\u6c34\u7cfb\u3001\u690d\u88ab\u3001\u4ea4\u901a\u9053\u8def\u3001\u5730\u8c8c\u3001\u5883\u754c\u3001\u7ba1\u7ebf\u7b498\u5927\u7c7b\u8981\u7d20\u3002\u4e0d\u540c\u7684\u5c42\u5728\u7a7a\u95f4\u4e0a\u76f8\u4e92\u91cd\u53e0\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\u793a\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-806\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/esri-data_themes_as_layers.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"400\" height=\"323\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u201c\u5c42\u201d\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728GIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u542b\u4e49\uff1a<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>\u5c42\u662fGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u73b0\u5b9e\u4e16\u754c\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5c42\u662fGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u903b\u8f91\u7ec4\u7ec7\u4e0e\u7ba1\u7406\u65b9\u5f0f\uff1b<\/li>\n<li>\u5c42\u662fGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u5bf9\u6570\u636e\u7684\u7269\u7406\u5b58\u50a8\u65b9\u5f0f\uff0c\u5728\u91c7\u7528\u7a7a\u95f4\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u7684\u7cfb\u7edf\u4e2d\uff0c\u5c42\u901a\u5e38\u5bf9\u5e94\u6570\u636e\u5e93\u8868\uff1b<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p><strong>2\uff09\u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u5e94\u7528<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4ecb\u7ecd\u4e86GIS\u4e2d\u201c\u5c42\u201d\u7684\u6982\u5ff5\uff0c\u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u4f5c\u7528\u5c31\u662f\u5206\u6790\u5c42\u4e0e\u5c42\u4e4b\u95f4\u7684\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u6216\u8005\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\uff1a\u4e0d\u4ec5\u751f\u6210\u51e0\u4f55\u56fe\u5f62\u7684\u7279\u5b9a\u7ec4\u5408\uff0c\u800c\u4e14\u878d\u5408\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u5c5e\u6027\u3002\u6bd4\u5982\u8bf4\uff0c\u67e5\u8be2\u7c7b\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u6bcf\u4e2a\u53bf(\u56fe\u5c42A)\u5404\u542b\u6709\u54ea\u4e9b\u6e56\u6cca(\u56fe\u5c42B)?\u201d\uff0c\u6570\u636e\u5904\u7406\u7c7b\u7684\uff1a\u201c\u5c06\u571f\u5730\u5229\u7528\u7c7b\u578b(\u56fe\u5c42A)\u8d4b\u503c\u7ed9\u884c\u653f\u533a\u53bf(\u56fe\u5c42B)\u201d\uff0c\u201c\u5c06\u4f4d\u4e8e\u5404\u4e2a\u5c0f\u533a\u4e2d\u7684\u5feb\u9012\u6d3e\u9001\u70b9\u8d4b\u4e88\u76f8\u5e94\u7684\u5730\u5740\u7f16\u7801\u201d\u3002\u603b\u7ed3\u4e00\u4e0b\uff0c\u5c31\u662f\u4e24\u4e2a(\u591a\u4e2a)\u56fe\u5c42\u4e2d\u7684\u8981\u7d20\u5982\u679c\u6ee1\u8db3\u67d0\u79cd\u5173\u7cfb\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u5c31\u6309\u7167\u4e00\u5b9a\u7684\u89c4\u5219\u7efc\u5408\u4e24\u4e2a(\u591a\u4e2a)\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u6570\u636e\uff0c\u8fd4\u56de\u67e5\u8be2\u7ed3\u679c\u6216\u8005\u751f\u6210\u65b0\u7684\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-808\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/GPKAC_andy_multiple_poly_overlay.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"378\" height=\"197\" \/><\/p>\n<p>\u5728\u89e3\u51b3\u7a7a\u95f4\u6709\u5173\u7684\u95ee\u9898\u7684\u65f6\u5019\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u6700\u4f73\u4f4d\u7f6e\u9009\u62e9\u4e0e\u9002\u5e94\u6027\u5efa\u6a21\u7b49\u95ee\u9898\uff0c\u9700\u8981\u9996\u5148\u786e\u5b9a\u6d89\u53ca\u7684\u8981\u7d20\uff0c\u6536\u96c6\u6570\u636e\u6216\u8005\u901a\u8fc7\u5b50\u6b65\u9aa4\u6784\u5efa\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u901a\u8fc7\u591a\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\u7684\u51e0\u4f55\u4e0e\u5c5e\u6027\u53e0\u7f6e\u4ea7\u751f\u7ed3\u679c\u3002\u4e3e\u4e2a\u4f8b\u5b50\uff0c\u6709\u4e09\u4e2a\u56fe\u5c42\uff1a\u690d\u88ab\u8986\u76d6\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u6d2a\u6c34\u6df9\u6ca1\u56fe\u5c42\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u7c7b\u578b\u56fe\u5c42\uff0c\u90a3\u4e48\u53ef\u4ee5\u5efa\u7acb\u4e00\u79cd\u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790\u65b9\u6cd5\uff0c\u8ba1\u7b97\u51fa\u90a3\u5757\u571f\u5730\u9002\u5b9c\u5f00\u53d1\u5229\u7528\uff08\u6bd4\u5982\u690d\u88ab\u4e3a\u8349\u5730\u3001\u4e0d\u5728\u6df9\u6ca1\u533a\u3001\u571f\u58e4\u7c7b\u578b\u4e3a\u9ecf\u571f\uff09\u3002<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-807\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/arfig3.jpg\" alt=\"\" width=\"550\" height=\"711\" \/><\/p>\n<p>overlay\u901a\u5e38\u4e0e\u5176\u4ed6\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u7ed3\u5408\u4f7f\u7528\uff0c\u6bd4\u5982\u7f13\u51b2\u533a\u5206\u6790\u3001\u8868\u9762\u5206\u6790\u7b49\u4ee5\u7528\u6765\u5b8c\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u5e94\u7528\u3002<\/p>\n<p>\u770b\u4e0a\u53bboverlay\u4f3c\u4e4e\u53ea\u4e0e\u590d\u6742\u7684\u5efa\u6a21\u4e0e\u5730\u7406\u5206\u6790\u6709\u5173\uff0c\u5b9e\u9645\u4e0a\uff0coverlay\u7684\u5e94\u7528\u8303\u56f4\u4e0d\u6b62\u8fd9\u4e9b\u3002\u4e0d\u7136\uff0c\u4e5f\u4e0d\u4f1a\u88ab\u79f0\u4e3aGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u529f\u80fd\u3002\u6709\u5173overlay\u7684\u66f4\u591a\u7684\u6280\u672f\u76f8\u5173\u7684\u5185\u5bb9\uff0c\u6211\u5728\u4e4b\u540e\u7684\u535a\u5ba2\u4f1a\u6162\u6162\u5c55\u5f00\u3002\u8981\u77e5\u9053\uff0cgeos\u7684\u6838\u5fc3\u5c31\u662f\u5efa\u7acb\u5728overlay\u7684\u57fa\u7840\u4e0a\u5462\u3002<\/p>\n<p><strong>3) \u53e0\u7f6e\u5206\u6790\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210<\/strong><\/p>\n<p>\u4e0a\u9762\u5df2\u7ecf\u8bf4\u5230\uff0coverlay\u672c\u8eab\u53ef\u4ee5\u7ec4\u5408\u6784\u6210\u66f4\u590d\u6742\u7684overlay\u3002\u90a3\u4e48overlay\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6784\u6210\u662f\u4ec0\u4e48\u6837\u7684\u5462?<\/p>\n<p>1.overlay\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u6570\u636e\u6784\u6210\u662f<span style=\"text-decoration: underline;\">\u4e24\u4e2a<\/span>\u56fe\u5c42\u3002<\/p>\n<p>2.overlay\u7684\u57fa\u672c\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e3a\u96c6\u5408\u7684\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\u3002\u5982\u4e0b\u56fe\uff1a<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_809\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-809\" class=\"wp-image-809 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/int.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"255\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-809\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">intersection<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_810\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-810\" class=\"wp-image-810 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/union.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"255\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-810\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">union<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_811\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-811\" class=\"wp-image-811 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/diff.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"255\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-811\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">difference<\/p><\/div>\n<div id=\"attachment_812\" style=\"width: 250px\" class=\"wp-caption alignleft\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-812\" class=\"wp-image-812 size-full\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/xor.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"240\" height=\"255\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-812\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">sym-difference<\/p><\/div>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p>\u5982\u679c\u4ee4\u82f1\u683c\u5170\u4e3aA,\u7bad\u5934\u4e3aB,<\/p>\n<ul>\n<li>intersection\\(= A\\cap B\\)<\/li>\n<li>union \\(= A\\cup B\\)<\/li>\n<li>difference \\(= A-B\\)<\/li>\n<li>sym-difference\\( = A\\cup B -A\\cap B\\)<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p>\u9664\u4e86\u4e0a\u8ff0\u5e03\u5c14\u8fd0\u7b97\uff0cArcGIS\u8fd8\u63d0\u4f9b\u4e86\u5176\u4ed6\u7c7b\u578b\u7684overlay\u64cd\u4f5c\uff0c\u4f46\u662f\u4e5f\u53ef\u4ee5\u7531\u4e0a\u8ff0\u57fa\u672c\u8fd0\u7b97\u7ec4\u5408\u7684\u65b9\u5f0f\u5f97\u5230\uff1a<\/p>\n<p>Indentify: \u7ed3\u679c\u7684\u5f62\u72b6\u4e3aA,\u4f46\u662f\u5c5e\u6027\u8fdb\u884c\u4e86\u53e0\u52a0\u3002<\/p>\n<p>&nbsp;<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-818\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/identity_esri.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"149\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Update: A.difference(B) + B<\/p>\n<p><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" class=\"alignnone size-full wp-image-819\" src=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/wp-content\/uploads\/2018\/01\/update_esri.gif\" alt=\"\" width=\"300\" height=\"146\" \/><\/p>\n<p>Erase:\u7b49\u540c\u4e8edifference \uff0c\u4f46\u662fArcGIS\u7684\u53eb\u6cd5\u4e3aErase\uff0c\u56fe\u7565\u3002<\/p>\n<hr \/>\n<p>\u53c2\u8003\u6587\u732e\uff1a<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/www.cs.man.ac.uk\/~toby\/alan\/software\/gpc.html\">A General Polygon Clipping Library<\/a><\/p>\n<p><a href=\"http:\/\/resources.arcgis.com\/en\/help\/main\/10.1\/index.html#\/An_overview_of_the_Overlay_toolset\/000800000009000000\/\">An Overview of the Overlay Toolset<\/a>:ArcGIS Desktop Help<\/p>\n<p><a href=\"https:\/\/www.volusia.org\/services\/business-services\/information-technology\/geographic-information-services\/geographic-spatial-analysis\/spatial-overlay.stml\">Spatial Overlay<\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u53ef\u4ee5\u8bf4\u662fGIS\u7cfb\u7edf\u7684\u6700\u91cd\u8981\u7684\u529f\u80fd\u4e86\u3002\u5728\u82e5\u5e72\u79cd\u7a7a\u95f4\u5206\u6790\u64cd\u4f5c\u4e2d\uff0c\u6211\u4eec\u6700\u5e38\u7528\u7684 &hellip; <a href=\"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/?p=804\">Continue reading <span class=\"meta-nav\">&rarr;<\/span><\/a><\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":0,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[31],"tags":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804"}],"collection":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=804"}],"version-history":[{"count":7,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":823,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/804\/revisions\/823"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=804"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=804"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"http:\/\/www.whudj.cn\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=804"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}